Calculate mechanical work (W = F·d·cos θ), lifting work, and spring work online. Free physics work calculator with Joule, calorie, and ft-lb unit conversions.

Calculate wavelength (λ = v/f), wave frequency, and wave speed online. Free physics wave calculator covering electromagnetic spectrum, light, and sound waves.

Calculate rocket delta-v, gross liftoff weight (GLOW), multi-stage mass ratios, structural coefficients, specific impulse, and payload fractions using the Tsiolkovsky equation.

Calculate rocket delta-v (Δv), mass ratios, specific impulse (Isp), multi-stage velocity budgets, and payload fractions using the Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation.

Calculate ideal rocket delta-v, mass ratios, multi-stage serial staging, propellant mass fractions, gravity/drag losses, and payload capacities.

Calculate thin-film optical interference, quarter-wave anti-reflective (AR) coating thickness, multi-layer dielectric mirrors, and spectral reflectance curves.

Free Thin Lens Equation Calculator (1/f = 1/do + 1/di). Calculate focal length, real vs virtual image distance, magnification M, and diopter optical power.

Compute linear, areal, and volumetric dimensional thermal expansion across metals and construction solids.

Calculate engineering stress, normal strain, shear modulus, deformation, and factor of safety.

Calculate spring constant (k), restoring force, elastic displacement, stored potential energy, and natural harmonic oscillation frequency.