Calculate radioactive decay activity, remaining mass, decay constant, mean lifetime, and elapsed half-lives for major radioisotopes with interactive decay curve visualization.

Calculate gamma and X-ray radiation shielding, linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation, Half-Value Layer (HVL), Tenth-Value Layer (TVL), and transmitted dose rate.

Calculate radiation absorbed dose (Gray), equivalent dose (Sievert), effective dose, and tissue weighting factors according to ICRP 103 recommendations.

Calculate microstrip characteristic impedance Z0, effective permittivity, guided wavelength, quarter-wave transformer dimensions, and RF trace width on PCB substrates.

Calculate quantum tunneling probability T(E), evanescent decay constant kappa, transmission coefficient, and wavefunctions through rectangular potential barriers.

Calculate 2D ballistic trajectories, maximum apex height, flight time, horizontal range, and impact vector.

Calculate supersonic Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan properties, downstream Mach number, isentropic pressure and temperature drops, and expansion fan angles over convex corners.

Calculate mechanical power (P = W/t = F·v), electrical power (P = VI), and rotational power online. Free physics power calculator with Watts, Horsepower, and kW.

Calculate gravitational potential energy (PE = mgh) and spring elastic energy online. Free physics calculator with Earth, Moon, Mars gravity presets and worked examples.

Calculate semiconductor p-n junction built-in potential (Vbi), depletion width (W), peak electric field (Emax), junction capacitance (Cj), and avalanche breakdown.